Alkaloidsyog cov organic tebchaw muab rho tawm los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, uas feem ntau yog tsim ntawm oxygen, hydrogen, carbon thiab nitrogen. Qee cov alkaloids muaj tshuaj lom, tab sis lwm tus muaj qee yam kev siv kho mob. Peb feem ntau ntsib alkaloids hauv peb lub neej niaj hnub, xws li kas fes, tshuaj aspirin thiab quinine.
Alkaloids hauv cov nroj tsuag tsis tshua muaj, thiab lawv cov qauv tshuaj feem ntau muaj nitrogen molecule. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav muaj cov pa oxygen, carbon thiab hydrogen molecules. Txawm hais tias muaj kev sib txawv los ntawm toxicity rau cov tshuaj, tag nrho cov alkaloids tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub cev. Ergot alkaloids thiab lwm hom tsis yog tsuas yog tshuaj lom, tab sis kuj ua rau tuag taus. Piv txwv li, cocaine thiab caffeine yog ob tsob nroj-raws li alkaloids uas pom tau tias muaj qee yam toxicity.
Scopolane alkaloids tau siv los ua tshuaj lom txij thaum ub. Atropine belongs rau hom no thiab muab rho tawm los ntawm Belladonna. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau alkaloids feem ntau siv rau kev kho mob. Piv txwv li, atropine tau raug siv los ua tshuaj lom yav dhau los, tab sis tam sim no nws feem ntau siv los txhawb lub hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb thiab dilate cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Ntawm qhov tod tes, scopolamine yog ib qho alkaloid feem ntau siv los kho cov kab mob hauv lub cev, thaum quinine muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Morphine muaj cov tshuaj loog. Cov alkaloids no feem ntau yog muab rho tawm los ntawm poppy. Morphine kuj yog ib qho tshuaj qub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm, Sumeria pib siv nws thaum ntxov li 3500 BC. Txawm hais tias muaj kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj, morphine tau siv los ua kom tsaug zog txij li xyoo 1930s, thiab ntau yam tshuaj niaj hnub xws li tshuaj tua kab mob kuj muaj morphine.
Vincristine, ib qho alkaloid cais los ntawm Catharanthus roseus nyob rau hauv 1950s, feem ntau yog siv los kho non-Hodgkin's lymphoma thiab leukemia. Vinblastine kuj raug cais tawm ntawm tib tsob nroj thiab muaj kev kho mob zoo rau Hodgkin tus kab mob.
Dab tsi yog qhov cuam tshuam thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm alkaloids?
Muaj ntau hom alkaloids. Tam sim no, cov alkaloids feem ntau yog colchicine, anisodamine thiab aconitine. Kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua tus alkaloid sib txawv thiab yuav tsum tau txheeb xyuas kom meej.
1. Kev ua kom tsis haum thiab hnoos: alkaloids xws li papaverine thiab morphine tuaj yeem txo qhov mob thiab hnoos rau qee yam.
2, antibacterial thiab anti-inflammatory: berberine, aureomycin, thiab lwm yam., xws li alkaloids tuaj yeem siv los kho cov kab mob sib kis.
3, tswj kev tiv thaiv kab mob: alkaloids xws li astragaloside thiab monifloxacin tuaj yeem txhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
4. Qee cov alkaloids muaj anti-allergic, hemostatic thiab antipyretic teebmeem.
Tsis tas li ntawd, taxol thiab lwm yam alkaloids tuaj yeem siv los kho ntau hom qog nqaij hlav malignant; Alkaloids xws li digitalis tuaj yeem siv los kho cov kab mob plawv; Alkaloids xws li arecoline tuaj yeem siv los kho glaucoma.
Nws tau pom zoo tias cov neeg mob yuav tsum ua raws li tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia thaum siv tshuaj thiab tswj cov tshuaj ntau npaum li cas kom tsis txhob muaj xwm txheej.
Cov ntaub ntawv hauv kab lus no yog los ntawm Is Taws Nem thiab tsis siv los ua cov lus qhia txog kev kho mob lossis cov lus qhia peev. Yog tias tsab xov xwm no muaj kev cuam tshuam rau koj txoj cai thiab kev txaus siab lossis xav paub txog cov khoom no, thov hu rau peb raws sijhawm kom peb tuaj yeem muab kev pab ntxiv rau koj